<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small">Hello Graduates:</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small">Very good information for you to follow as you write your papers, thesis or dissertation!</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small">Best wishes, </div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small">Dr. Teresa Franklin</div><div><div class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><span style="color:rgb(56,118,29)"><br><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" size="1">"A teacher affects eternity; [she]he can never tell where the influence stops." - Henry Adams</font></span><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" size="1"><br></font><div dir="ltr"><font style="color:rgb(51,51,255)"><i><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" size="1"><span style="color:rgb(102,0,102)"><span><br></span></span></font></i></font><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" size="1">Dr. Teresa Franklin<br>Prof<font>essor Emerita, Educational Studies-Instructional
Technology</font><font><br>CAEP 2015-2017<br></font><font>Fulbright Research Scholar to Turkey 2013-14</font><br>Department of Educational Studies<br>The Gladys W. and David H. Patton College of Education<font><br>Ohio University</font><font><font>, </font>Athens, OH 45701</font><br><a value="+17405418847">740-541-8847</a> (cell/office)<br></font><font><font size="1"><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">also: <a href="mailto:franklinteresa@gmail.com" target="_blank">franklinteresa@gmail.com</a></font><br><font face="tahoma" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"></font><br></font><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;color:rgb(56,118,29)"><br></span></font></span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"><span style="color:rgb(56,118,29)"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"></span></span></span><br><br><span></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
<br><div class="gmail_quote">---------- Forwarded message ----------<br>From: <b class="gmail_sendername">Rick Reis</b> <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:reis@stanford.edu">reis@stanford.edu</a>></span><br>Date: Mon, Mar 19, 2018 at 10:43 AM<br>Subject: TP Msg. #1630 Understanding and Avoiding Plagiarism<br>To: "<a href="mailto:tomorrows-professor@lists.stanford.edu">tomorrows-professor@lists.stanford.edu</a>" <<a href="mailto:tomorrows-professor@lists.stanford.edu">tomorrows-professor@lists.stanford.edu</a>><br><br><br>
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<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><em style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif">Knowing what plagiarism is and how to avoid it will help you as you continue to contribute to the scholarly
conversation in your field.</span></em></p>
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<div class="m_-8802925337781257995x_field-item m_-8802925337781257995x_even"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif">1630</span></div>
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<div class="m_-8802925337781257995x_field-item m_-8802925337781257995x_even"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif">Understanding and Avoiding Plagiarism</span></div>
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<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> </span></p>
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif">Folks:</span>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif">The posting looks at errors that typically lead to plagiarism and how to avoid them. The article is from the November 14, 2017 issue of
the online publication,</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> </span><em style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif">Graduate Connections Newsletter</span></em><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif">[</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> </span><a href="http://www.unl.edu/gradstudies/current/news/articles" rel="nofollow" id="m_-8802925337781257995LPlnk938318" style="color:rgb(115,108,81);text-decoration:none;border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:dotted;border-bottom-color:rgb(130,114,82)" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif">http://www.unl.<wbr>edu/gradstudies/current/news/<wbr>articles</span></a><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif">],
from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and is published by the Office of Graduate Studies. ©2017 Graduate Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. All rights reserved. Reprinted with permission.</span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif">Regards</span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif">Rick Reis</span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><a href="mailto:reis@stanford.edu" rel="nofollow" id="m_-8802925337781257995LPlnk806683" style="color:rgb(115,108,81);text-decoration:none;border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:dotted;border-bottom-color:rgb(130,114,82)" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif">reis@stanford.edu</span></a></p>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif">UP NEXT: The Sound of Silence</span></p>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px">
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Tomorrow’s Research</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px">
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">---------- 1,080 words ----------</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px">
<span style="font-weight:600;font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Understanding and Avoiding Plagiarism</span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">In our increasingly digital world, data and writing are easy to find and access. It's also usually easy to discover who created
or posted the works. Knowing what plagiarism is and how to avoid it will help you as you continue to contribute to the scholarly conversation in your field.</span></p>
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<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-size:12pt">Plagiarism Defined</span></h2>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Sometimes, students may believe that if they're not directly copying another’s work that they're not committing plagiarism.
However, the UNL </span><a href="http://go.unl.edu/conduct" rel="nofollow" id="m_-8802925337781257995LPlnk174174" style="color:rgb(115,108,81);text-decoration:none;border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:dotted;border-bottom-color:rgb(130,114,82)" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Student
Code of Conduct</span></a><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt"> defines plagiarism more broadly, defining it as: </span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">“presenting the work of another as one’s own (i.e. without proper acknowledgement of the source) and submitting examinations,
theses, reports, speeches, drawings, laboratory notes, or other academic work in whole or in part as one’s own when such work has been prepared by another person or copied from another person. Materials covered by this prohibition include, but are not limited
to, text, video, audio, images, photographs, websites, electronic and online materials, and other intellectual property.” (University of Nebraska–Lincoln, 2014).</span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">The most frequent errors that lead to plagiarism include</span></p>
<ul style="padding:0px;margin:0px 0px 10px 25px">
<li style="line-height:20px;list-style-type:square"><em style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Not citing when you use ideas or information from another’s work.</span></em><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt"> It's
easy to overlook the contributing work that was foundational to your research but wasn’t directly quoted in your writings. If there was work previously done—or was related to—your topic, you should include them in your work and cite them!</span></li><li style="line-height:20px;list-style-type:square"><em style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Improper paraphrasing.</span></em><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt"> Paraphrasing
is more than changing a few words in the sentence so it’s "not a direct quote." Typically, paraphrasing is putting the thought or idea into your own words. This also may be done to combine several authors’ similar thoughts into one. In either of these cases,
you should still cite the author’s work used. The Office of Graduate Studies website has </span><a href="https://www.unl.edu/gradstudies/current/integrity#plagiarism" rel="nofollow" id="m_-8802925337781257995LPlnk287934" style="color:rgb(115,108,81);text-decoration:none" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">examples
of paraphrasing</span></a><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">—correct and incorrect (Office of Graduate Studies, n.d.).</span></li><li style="line-height:20px;list-style-type:square"><em style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Not crediting the source of graphics or data.</span></em><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt"> You
should never use a graphic (chart, table, or figure) or data that someone else has created without first getting permission to do so and then citing the source from which you pulled the graphic or data. If an image is shared through a Creative Commons license,
you should also be able to cite the </span><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/" rel="nofollow" id="m_-8802925337781257995LPlnk859922" style="color:rgb(115,108,81);text-decoration:none" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Creative
Commons license</span></a><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt"> (e.g. "CC BY-NC-ND 2.0"). This guideline also applies to your own research that has been published. You must get the approval of the journal in which it was
published to use it again in another document.</span></li><li style="line-height:20px;list-style-type:square"><em style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Not citing something that is not common knowledge</span></em><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt"> The
only exception to citing information gained from another source is if that information is considered common knowledge (e.g., Washington, D.C. is the capital of the United States). Common knowledge includes "facts that can be found in many places and are likely
to be known by many people," however interpretations of those facts do need to be cited (Office of Graduate Studies, n.d.). If you are not sure if something counts as common knowledge, cite it anyway.</span></li></ul>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">It’s always better to cite something when you are not sure if you should. Having a few too many citations is always preferable
to having too few.</span></p>
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<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">Why Plagiarism Matters</span></h2>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">First, writing in your own words indicates that you can produce unique ideas and thoughts. Properly citing the works of others
indicates that you can effectively understand and develop new ideas based on previous work and research. Both skills are essential for academia and many other careers.</span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Avoiding plagiarism is also a key part of academic integrity. This demonstrates respect for the work of others. It indicates
how ethically you’ll behave as a researcher or professional. Depending on the severity, it is not uncommon for instances of plagiarism to result in academic suspension or expulsion. Significant enough cases have also been known to result in people losing their
jobs or derailing their professional career.</span></p>
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<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">Resources and Tools</span></h2>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">There are many tools available on the internet for authors to use to check for plagiarism. If you choose to use them, you
should investigate the reliability of their processes by trying to find reviews.</span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">One of the best ways to make sure that you avoid plagiarizing work is to create a citation while working on your document.
The UNL Libraries offer </span><a href="https://libraries.unl.edu/citation-tools" rel="nofollow" id="m_-8802925337781257995LPlnk407802" style="color:rgb(115,108,81);text-decoration:none;border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:dotted;border-bottom-color:rgb(130,114,82)" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">four
different citation tools available for students and faculty.</span></a><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt"> If you are unsure about which one would work best for you, the UNL Libraries has created </span><a href="https://libraries.unl.edu/citation-managers-tool-comparison-chart" rel="nofollow" id="m_-8802925337781257995LPlnk177513" style="color:rgb(115,108,81);text-decoration:none;border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:dotted;border-bottom-color:rgb(130,114,82)" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">a
comparison chart</span></a><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt"> to help you decide which one may work best for you.</span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Use one of the following online tools, available through the Libraries website, that will analyze written works for plagiarism.</span></p>
<ul style="padding:0px;margin:0px 0px 10px 25px">
<li style="line-height:20px;list-style-type:square"><span style="font-weight:600;font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Turnitin</span><br>
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">You can request an invitation to the Libraries' Turnitin course available through Canvas. Turnitin is a text-matching tool which checks electronically submitted papers against over 60 billion
web pages, 600 million student papers, and 130 million academic journal articles. The software provides an originality report in which matching text is underlined, color coded, and linked to the original source. While many professors require students to use
Turnitin for class assignments, this library based course is independent and allows students to submit and review their papers from the privacy of their own computer prior to submitting for their classes.</span></li><li style="line-height:20px;list-style-type:square"><span style="font-weight:600;font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">iThenticate:</span><br>
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">The UNL Libraries are piloting this software used by publishers to check citations listed in submitted articles prior to publication. Students can request a mediated consultation on any
project where they are listed as </span><em style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">sole or first author.</span></em></li></ul>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">For more information on these two services please visit the </span><a href="https://libraries.unl.edu/citation-plagiarism-tools" rel="nofollow" id="m_-8802925337781257995LPlnk433457" style="color:rgb(115,108,81);text-decoration:none;border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:dotted;border-bottom-color:rgb(130,114,82)" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Citation
and Plagiarism tools</span></a><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt"> page at the Libraries website.</span></p>
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<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">Additional Resources</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Tutorials</span></h3>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">The University Libraries have produced a series of tutorials aimed at helping students get the most out of their library
experience. These tutorials can be added to courses via the Canvas Commons or taken independently from the </span><a href="https://unl.libguides.com/LibraryTutorials" rel="nofollow" id="m_-8802925337781257995LPlnk396415" style="color:rgb(115,108,81);text-decoration:none;border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:dotted;border-bottom-color:rgb(130,114,82)" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Libraries
homepage</span></a></p>
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<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Library Staff</span></h3>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Not sure where to start? </span><a href="https://libraries.unl.edu/askus-1" rel="nofollow" style="color:rgb(115,108,81);text-decoration:none;border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:dotted;border-bottom-color:rgb(130,114,82)" id="m_-8802925337781257995LPlnk425152" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">AskUs!</span></a><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt"> for
help via chat, email, text or telephone. Every department on campus has a </span><a href="https://libraries.unl.edu/subject-specialties" rel="nofollow" style="color:rgb(115,108,81);text-decoration:none;border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:dotted;border-bottom-color:rgb(130,114,82)" id="m_-8802925337781257995LPlnk142606" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Subject
Librarian</span></a><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt"> assigned to help with research, information literacy instruction, or the creation of research assignments.</span></p>
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<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">Summary</span></h2>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">It's important that your work has your “voice” in the writing. Using others’ ideas and information is a great foundation
to your research, but you need to make sure to include your own voice and insights in your writing. Proper citing of others’ work shows how your work builds on the work of prior researchers. As a writer of the document, checking your writing to make sure you
have properly cited throughout your writing should always be among the final steps taken before submission to a publisher.</span></p>
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<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">References</span></h2>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">University of Nebraska-Lincoln. (2014) </span><em style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Student
Code of Conduct.</span></em><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt"> Retrieved from </span><a href="https://stuafs.unl.edu/student-code-of-conduct" rel="nofollow" style="color:rgb(115,108,81);text-decoration:none;border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:dotted;border-bottom-color:rgb(130,114,82)" id="m_-8802925337781257995LPlnk881962" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">https://stuafs.unl.edu/<wbr>student-code-of-conduct</span></a><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">.</span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Office of Graduate Studies (n.d.). </span><em style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Academic
Integrity.</span></em><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt"> Retrieved from </span><a href="https://www.unl.edu/gradstudies/current/integrity#plagiarism" rel="nofollow" style="color:rgb(115,108,81);text-decoration:none;border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:dotted;border-bottom-color:rgb(130,114,82)" id="m_-8802925337781257995LPlnk345927" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">https://www.unl.edu/<wbr>gradstudies/current/integrity#<wbr>plagiarism</span></a></p>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><em style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Thank you to the University Libraries staff for their contribution to this article.</span></em></p>
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Technology</font><font><br>CAEP 2015-2017<br></font><font>Fulbright Research Scholar to Turkey 2013-14</font><br>Department of Educational Studies<br>The Gladys W. and David H. Patton College of Education<font><br>Ohio University</font><font><font>, </font>Athens, OH 45701</font><br><a value="+17405418847">740-541-8847</a> (cell/office)<br></font><font><font size="1"><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">also: <a href="mailto:franklinteresa@gmail.com" target="_blank">franklinteresa@gmail.com</a></font><br><font face="tahoma" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"></font><br></font><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;color:rgb(56,118,29)"><br></span></font></span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"><span style="color:rgb(56,118,29)"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"></span></span></span><br><br><span></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
<br><div class="gmail_quote">---------- Forwarded message ----------<br>From: <b class="gmail_sendername">Rick Reis</b> <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:reis@stanford.edu">reis@stanford.edu</a>></span><br>Date: Mon, Mar 19, 2018 at 10:43 AM<br>Subject: TP Msg. #1630 Understanding and Avoiding Plagiarism<br>To: "<a href="mailto:tomorrows-professor@lists.stanford.edu">tomorrows-professor@lists.stanford.edu</a>" <<a href="mailto:tomorrows-professor@lists.stanford.edu">tomorrows-professor@lists.stanford.edu</a>><br><br><br>
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<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><em style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif">Knowing what plagiarism is and how to avoid it will help you as you continue to contribute to the scholarly
conversation in your field.</span></em></p>
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<div class="m_-8802925337781257995x_field-item m_-8802925337781257995x_even"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif">1630</span></div>
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<div class="m_-8802925337781257995x_field-item m_-8802925337781257995x_even"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif">Understanding and Avoiding Plagiarism</span></div>
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<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> </span></p>
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif">Folks:</span>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif">The posting looks at errors that typically lead to plagiarism and how to avoid them. The article is from the November 14, 2017 issue of
the online publication,</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> </span><em style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif">Graduate Connections Newsletter</span></em><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif">[</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> </span><a href="http://www.unl.edu/gradstudies/current/news/articles" rel="nofollow" id="m_-8802925337781257995LPlnk938318" style="color:rgb(115,108,81);text-decoration:none;border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:dotted;border-bottom-color:rgb(130,114,82)" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif">http://www.unl.<wbr>edu/gradstudies/current/news/<wbr>articles</span></a><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif">],
from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and is published by the Office of Graduate Studies. ©2017 Graduate Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. All rights reserved. Reprinted with permission.</span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif">Regards</span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif">Rick Reis</span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><a href="mailto:reis@stanford.edu" rel="nofollow" id="m_-8802925337781257995LPlnk806683" style="color:rgb(115,108,81);text-decoration:none;border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:dotted;border-bottom-color:rgb(130,114,82)" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif">reis@stanford.edu</span></a></p>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif">UP NEXT: The Sound of Silence</span></p>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px">
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Tomorrow’s Research</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px">
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">---------- 1,080 words ----------</span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px">
<span style="font-weight:600;font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Understanding and Avoiding Plagiarism</span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">In our increasingly digital world, data and writing are easy to find and access. It's also usually easy to discover who created
or posted the works. Knowing what plagiarism is and how to avoid it will help you as you continue to contribute to the scholarly conversation in your field.</span></p>
<h2 style="margin:0px 0px 12px;font-family:inherit;line-height:1.2em;color:rgb(130,0,0);font-size:22px;padding:0px;letter-spacing:0.01em;border-bottom-width:medium;border-bottom-style:none">
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-size:12pt">Plagiarism Defined</span></h2>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Sometimes, students may believe that if they're not directly copying another’s work that they're not committing plagiarism.
However, the UNL </span><a href="http://go.unl.edu/conduct" rel="nofollow" id="m_-8802925337781257995LPlnk174174" style="color:rgb(115,108,81);text-decoration:none;border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:dotted;border-bottom-color:rgb(130,114,82)" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Student
Code of Conduct</span></a><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt"> defines plagiarism more broadly, defining it as: </span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">“presenting the work of another as one’s own (i.e. without proper acknowledgement of the source) and submitting examinations,
theses, reports, speeches, drawings, laboratory notes, or other academic work in whole or in part as one’s own when such work has been prepared by another person or copied from another person. Materials covered by this prohibition include, but are not limited
to, text, video, audio, images, photographs, websites, electronic and online materials, and other intellectual property.” (University of Nebraska–Lincoln, 2014).</span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">The most frequent errors that lead to plagiarism include</span></p>
<ul style="padding:0px;margin:0px 0px 10px 25px">
<li style="line-height:20px;list-style-type:square"><em style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Not citing when you use ideas or information from another’s work.</span></em><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt"> It's
easy to overlook the contributing work that was foundational to your research but wasn’t directly quoted in your writings. If there was work previously done—or was related to—your topic, you should include them in your work and cite them!</span></li><li style="line-height:20px;list-style-type:square"><em style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Improper paraphrasing.</span></em><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt"> Paraphrasing
is more than changing a few words in the sentence so it’s "not a direct quote." Typically, paraphrasing is putting the thought or idea into your own words. This also may be done to combine several authors’ similar thoughts into one. In either of these cases,
you should still cite the author’s work used. The Office of Graduate Studies website has </span><a href="https://www.unl.edu/gradstudies/current/integrity#plagiarism" rel="nofollow" id="m_-8802925337781257995LPlnk287934" style="color:rgb(115,108,81);text-decoration:none" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">examples
of paraphrasing</span></a><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">—correct and incorrect (Office of Graduate Studies, n.d.).</span></li><li style="line-height:20px;list-style-type:square"><em style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Not crediting the source of graphics or data.</span></em><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt"> You
should never use a graphic (chart, table, or figure) or data that someone else has created without first getting permission to do so and then citing the source from which you pulled the graphic or data. If an image is shared through a Creative Commons license,
you should also be able to cite the </span><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/" rel="nofollow" id="m_-8802925337781257995LPlnk859922" style="color:rgb(115,108,81);text-decoration:none" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Creative
Commons license</span></a><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt"> (e.g. "CC BY-NC-ND 2.0"). This guideline also applies to your own research that has been published. You must get the approval of the journal in which it was
published to use it again in another document.</span></li><li style="line-height:20px;list-style-type:square"><em style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Not citing something that is not common knowledge</span></em><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt"> The
only exception to citing information gained from another source is if that information is considered common knowledge (e.g., Washington, D.C. is the capital of the United States). Common knowledge includes "facts that can be found in many places and are likely
to be known by many people," however interpretations of those facts do need to be cited (Office of Graduate Studies, n.d.). If you are not sure if something counts as common knowledge, cite it anyway.</span></li></ul>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">It’s always better to cite something when you are not sure if you should. Having a few too many citations is always preferable
to having too few.</span></p>
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<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">Why Plagiarism Matters</span></h2>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">First, writing in your own words indicates that you can produce unique ideas and thoughts. Properly citing the works of others
indicates that you can effectively understand and develop new ideas based on previous work and research. Both skills are essential for academia and many other careers.</span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Avoiding plagiarism is also a key part of academic integrity. This demonstrates respect for the work of others. It indicates
how ethically you’ll behave as a researcher or professional. Depending on the severity, it is not uncommon for instances of plagiarism to result in academic suspension or expulsion. Significant enough cases have also been known to result in people losing their
jobs or derailing their professional career.</span></p>
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<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">Resources and Tools</span></h2>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">There are many tools available on the internet for authors to use to check for plagiarism. If you choose to use them, you
should investigate the reliability of their processes by trying to find reviews.</span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">One of the best ways to make sure that you avoid plagiarizing work is to create a citation while working on your document.
The UNL Libraries offer </span><a href="https://libraries.unl.edu/citation-tools" rel="nofollow" id="m_-8802925337781257995LPlnk407802" style="color:rgb(115,108,81);text-decoration:none;border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:dotted;border-bottom-color:rgb(130,114,82)" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">four
different citation tools available for students and faculty.</span></a><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt"> If you are unsure about which one would work best for you, the UNL Libraries has created </span><a href="https://libraries.unl.edu/citation-managers-tool-comparison-chart" rel="nofollow" id="m_-8802925337781257995LPlnk177513" style="color:rgb(115,108,81);text-decoration:none;border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:dotted;border-bottom-color:rgb(130,114,82)" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">a
comparison chart</span></a><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt"> to help you decide which one may work best for you.</span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Use one of the following online tools, available through the Libraries website, that will analyze written works for plagiarism.</span></p>
<ul style="padding:0px;margin:0px 0px 10px 25px">
<li style="line-height:20px;list-style-type:square"><span style="font-weight:600;font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Turnitin</span><br>
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">You can request an invitation to the Libraries' Turnitin course available through Canvas. Turnitin is a text-matching tool which checks electronically submitted papers against over 60 billion
web pages, 600 million student papers, and 130 million academic journal articles. The software provides an originality report in which matching text is underlined, color coded, and linked to the original source. While many professors require students to use
Turnitin for class assignments, this library based course is independent and allows students to submit and review their papers from the privacy of their own computer prior to submitting for their classes.</span></li><li style="line-height:20px;list-style-type:square"><span style="font-weight:600;font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">iThenticate:</span><br>
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">The UNL Libraries are piloting this software used by publishers to check citations listed in submitted articles prior to publication. Students can request a mediated consultation on any
project where they are listed as </span><em style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">sole or first author.</span></em></li></ul>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">For more information on these two services please visit the </span><a href="https://libraries.unl.edu/citation-plagiarism-tools" rel="nofollow" id="m_-8802925337781257995LPlnk433457" style="color:rgb(115,108,81);text-decoration:none;border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:dotted;border-bottom-color:rgb(130,114,82)" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Citation
and Plagiarism tools</span></a><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt"> page at the Libraries website.</span></p>
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<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">Additional Resources</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Tutorials</span></h3>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">The University Libraries have produced a series of tutorials aimed at helping students get the most out of their library
experience. These tutorials can be added to courses via the Canvas Commons or taken independently from the </span><a href="https://unl.libguides.com/LibraryTutorials" rel="nofollow" id="m_-8802925337781257995LPlnk396415" style="color:rgb(115,108,81);text-decoration:none;border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:dotted;border-bottom-color:rgb(130,114,82)" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Libraries
homepage</span></a></p>
<h3 style="margin:0px 0px 0.3em;font-family:inherit;line-height:1.3em;color:rgb(63,60,48);font-size:18px;letter-spacing:0.01em">
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Library Staff</span></h3>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Not sure where to start? </span><a href="https://libraries.unl.edu/askus-1" rel="nofollow" style="color:rgb(115,108,81);text-decoration:none;border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:dotted;border-bottom-color:rgb(130,114,82)" id="m_-8802925337781257995LPlnk425152" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">AskUs!</span></a><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt"> for
help via chat, email, text or telephone. Every department on campus has a </span><a href="https://libraries.unl.edu/subject-specialties" rel="nofollow" style="color:rgb(115,108,81);text-decoration:none;border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:dotted;border-bottom-color:rgb(130,114,82)" id="m_-8802925337781257995LPlnk142606" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Subject
Librarian</span></a><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt"> assigned to help with research, information literacy instruction, or the creation of research assignments.</span></p>
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<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">Summary</span></h2>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">It's important that your work has your “voice” in the writing. Using others’ ideas and information is a great foundation
to your research, but you need to make sure to include your own voice and insights in your writing. Proper citing of others’ work shows how your work builds on the work of prior researchers. As a writer of the document, checking your writing to make sure you
have properly cited throughout your writing should always be among the final steps taken before submission to a publisher.</span></p>
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<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">References</span></h2>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">University of Nebraska-Lincoln. (2014) </span><em style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Student
Code of Conduct.</span></em><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt"> Retrieved from </span><a href="https://stuafs.unl.edu/student-code-of-conduct" rel="nofollow" style="color:rgb(115,108,81);text-decoration:none;border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:dotted;border-bottom-color:rgb(130,114,82)" id="m_-8802925337781257995LPlnk881962" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">https://stuafs.unl.edu/<wbr>student-code-of-conduct</span></a><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">.</span></p>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Office of Graduate Studies (n.d.). </span><em style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Academic
Integrity.</span></em><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt"> Retrieved from </span><a href="https://www.unl.edu/gradstudies/current/integrity#plagiarism" rel="nofollow" style="color:rgb(115,108,81);text-decoration:none;border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:dotted;border-bottom-color:rgb(130,114,82)" id="m_-8802925337781257995LPlnk345927" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">https://www.unl.edu/<wbr>gradstudies/current/integrity#<wbr>plagiarism</span></a></p>
<p style="margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:1em;margin-left:0px"><em style="padding:0px 3px 0px 0px"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Thank you to the University Libraries staff for their contribution to this article.</span></em></p>
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