Majors, Minors, and Certificate Programs
This section outlines the specific requirements for every program in the College of Arts and Sciences that begin with the letter B.
Bacteriology
See Biological Sciences-Microbiology.Behavior
See Biological Sciences or Psychology.Biological Sciences
Biological Sciences Major (B.S.)
Major code BS2121
Unless otherwise indicated, BIOS/MICR departmental courses may be retaken only once.
Requirements for the B.S. in biological sciences are:
A minimum of 50 quarter hours in approved departmental courses which must include the following:
BIOS 170, 171, 172, 173* Intro to Zoology 14
BIOS 325 General Genetics 5
BIOS 342, 343 Principles of
Physiology I, II 6
BIOS 354, 355 Principles of
Physiology Lab I, II 4
One course from each of the following areas:
Anatomy/OrganismalBIOS 300 Anatomy and Histology 6 BIOS 301 Human Anatomy 6 BIOS 303 Comp. Vert. Anatomy 6 BIOS 430 Invertebrate Biology 6 BIOS 435 Entomology 6 Ecology/EvolutionBIOS 275 Animal Ecology 4 BIOS 479 Evolution 4 BIOS 481 Animal Cons. Biology 4 BiochemistryBIOS 463 Cell Chemistry 4 CHEM 490, 491 + General Biochemistry I, II 7 Other biological sciencesPBIO 111 Intro to Plant Biology 6 MICR 311 General Microbiology 5 Required extradepartmental coursesCHEM 151, 152, 153 Fund. of Chemistry 15 CHEM 301, 302 Organic Chemistry 6 or CHEM 305, 306, 307 Organic Chemistry 9 MATH 263A,B Calculus 8 PHYS 201, 202, 203 Intro to Physics 15 or PHYS 251, 252, 253 General Physics 15 PSY 221 Stat. for the Beh. Sciences 5 or MATH 250, 251 Intro to Prob. and Stat. 8
* See listing in Courses of Instruction section for prerequisites+ Prereq: CHEM 305-307.
Biological Sciences Minor
Minor code OR2121
Requirements for the minor in biological sciences consist of a minimum of 28 credit hours, including :
BIOS 170, 171,172, 173* Intro to Zoology 14 BIOS 325 General Genetics 5
and at least two other courses at the 300 level or above
*See listing in Courses of Instruction section for prerequisites.
Biological Sciences-Clinical Laboratory Science Major
Special curriculum; major code BS2123
This program prepares students for work in hospital laboratories, public health bureaus, and other laboratories concerned with medical diagnosis and investigation. It leads to a Bachelor of Science in biological sciences and certification by the American Society of Clinical Pathologists or another certifying body.
The Ohio University-hospital school of clinical laboratory science affiliation for training of clinical laboratory scientists fulfills the requirements established by the A.M.A. and A.S.C.P. and affords you an opportunity to earn a bachelor's degree.
After completing (1) a minimum of 144 quarter hours with at least a 2.0 g.p.a. in the major and in all hours attempted and (2) general education and all area requirements for the baccalaureate degree, you are eligible to apply for admission to one of several affiliated hospital schools for the clinical program. Upon satisfactory completion of the 12-month clinical program, you will receive the Bachelor of Science degree from Ohio University.
Approval occasionally may be granted for completion of the clinical program at hospitals other than those affiliated with Ohio University if the hospital has a C.A.H.E.A. - approved program in clinical laboratory science and if, because of location or other factors, it would better meet your needs. You are required to present a copy of the hospital's program of study to the Department of Biological Sciences for evaluation.
Consult your advisor frequently during the preclinical period. Early in the fall quarter preceding the clinical program, obtain specific information about applying to an affiliated school of medical technology from the clinical laboratory science advisor.
During the 12-month clinical program, you register with and pay fees to Ohio University. A special fee schedule applies to these four quarters, and both fourth- and fifth-year students are required to register. Ohio University then pays the total tuition to the hospital-based school of medical technology.
If you transfer from another program or institution (including regional campuses of Ohio University), you cannot normally expect to complete the preclinical requirements in three years unless the need to make up courses is minimal.
If you remain at the Athens campus for your fourth or senior year, you can graduate with a B.S. in biological sciences/clinical laboratory science by fulfilling the requirements for the freshman, sophomore, and junior years listed below plus earning a total of 90 hours at the 200 level or above and completing a total of 192 credit hours. You may then enter a hospital internship program to qualify for the A.S.C.P. certification exam. If you graduate with a B.S. in microbiology, you are also qualified to apply for admission to a clinical internship.
Unless otherwise indicated, BIOS/MICR departmental courses may be retaken only once.
Freshman
CHEM 151, 152, 153 Fund. of Chemistry 15
English composition 5
MATH 113 Algebra 5
or MATH 163A* Intro to Calculus 4
BIOS 170, 171, 172, 173 + Intro to Zoology 14
Arts and Sciences degree requirements, university General Education Requirements, and/or electives.
* Recommended+ See listing in Courses of Instruction section for prerequisites.
Sophomore
CHEM 241, 242 Quantitative Analysis 5
CHEM 301, 302 Organic (short) 6
CHEM 325 Instr. Methods
of Analysis 4
BIOS 300 Elements of Anatomy
and Histology 6
BIOS 325 Gen. Genetics 5
BIOS 345 Human Physiology 4
Arts and Sciences degree requirements, university General Education Requirements, and/or electives.
Junior
MICR 311 Gen. Microbiology 5
MICR 415 Immunology 5
BIOS 463 Cell Chemistry 4
BIOS 364 Human Physiology Lab 3
or MICR 412 Microbiological Techniques 5
or BIOS 326/MIOCR 326 Laboratory Genetics 4
English composition 4
Arts and Sciences degree requirements, university General Education Requirements, and/or electives.
Senior (Clinical Program)
Four quarters of coursework constituting the clinical portion of the program are taken at a hospital-based school of medical technology. Register each quarter for these courses, entitled Clinical Laboratory Science Internship 470A, B, C, and D.
A typical program includes:
Bacteriology and Serology 18 Clinical Chemistry 23 Hematology 10 Immunohematology 5 Parasitology 3 Radioisotopes 1 Urinalysis 4
Biological Sciences-Environmental Biology Major (B.S.)
Special curriculum; major code BS2509
This specialized curriculum will provide the necessary course background for students preparing for graduate school or lower-level careers in fields of environmental and conservation biology. Courses meet the requirements for admission to graduate programs in biology, zoology, ecology, and conservation biology. The program also provides the necessary background for jobs with state and federal agencies (e.g., USDA or EPA) charged with environmental protection, research and monitoring, and information. Certification in first aid, CPR, and watercraft safety enhances the ability of students to become employed in the field or earn internships. Because the environmental field has become increasingly international in both activities and jobs and because the Peace Corps needs volunteers with an environmental biology education, a speaking knowledge of Spanish or French is strongly recommended. The requirements of the biological sciences major are also met with this specialized curricular program.
See also the environmental degree programs listed under the Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Environmental and Plant Biology, Geography, and Geology.
Unless otherwise indicated, BIOS/MICR departmental courses may be retaken only once.
Freshman-Sophomore
ENG 151 Fr. Comp: Writing
and Rhetoric 5
Foreign language requirement (typically) 12
CHEM 151, 152, 153 Fund. of Chemistry 15
BIOS 170, 171, 172, 173* Intro to Zoology 14
MATH 163A, 163B** Intro to Calculus 7
or MATH 263A, B Calculus 8
PSY 221 Statistics 5
PSY 221 Statistics 5
or MATH 250, 251 Statistics or 8
BIOS 275 Animal Ecology 4
BIOS 325 Genetics 5
PBIO 111 Introduction to
Environ. and
Plant Biology 6
INCO 103 Fund. of Public Speaking 4
Also Tier II General Education and Arts and Sciences humanities and social sciences requirements, and other electives.
*See listing in Courses of Instruction section for prerequisites.
**MATH 263A, B is preferred.
Junior-Senior
ENG Junior Level
English Composition 4
CHEM 301, 302, 303, 304 Organic Chemistry, Lab 11
PHYS 201, 202, 203 Intro to Physics 15
or PHYS 251, 252, 253 General Physics 15
MICR 311 General Microbiology 5
BIOS 342, 343 Principles of Physiology 6
BIOS 463 Cell Chemistry 4
or CHEM 489 Biochemistry
BIOS 303 Comp. Vert. Anatomy 6
or BIOS 430 Invertebrate Zoology
or BIOS 435 Entomology
Tier III Senior Level Synthesis Course 4
Four additional elective courses: minimally one geology course, one philosophy course and two geography courses. Courses from field stations or other nonbiology courses may be substituted with permission of the program advisor. More biology courses may be taken but are not necessary to fulfill B.S. in biology requirements.
Choose social science elective courses to meet the requirements of the Environmental Studies Certificate Program. (See Environmental Studies Certificate listing in this section.)
Biological Sciences-Marine Biology Major (B.S.)
Special curriculum; major code BS2514
The Department of Biological Sciences provides a program for undergraduate majors who are interested in marine biology. Since this is an increasingly international field, you are encouraged to gain the speaking knowledge of a language other than English (preferably Spanish or French) and to consider the possibility of working for two years in the Peace Corps following graduation. Graduates will meet state and federal civil service course requirements for registry as fisheries biologist, ecologist, and general biologist. This program will also prepare you for graduate studies in biological sciences, ecology, or marine or freshwater biology. Training in SCUBA, CPR, first aid, lifeguarding, and watercraft safety will enhance students' chances of earning summer jobs and internships and are available as College of Health and Human Services courses. Since the program includes at least 50 hours in approved BIOS/MICR courses, you will meet the requirements of the biological sciences major. You may want to use elective credits to obtain an Environmental Studies Certificate.
Unless otherwise indicated, BIOS/MICR departmental courses may be retaken only once.
Freshman-Sophomore
ENG 151 Fr. Comp: Writing
and Rhetoric 5
Foreign language requirement (typically) 12
CHEM 151, 152, 153 Fund. of Chemistry 15
BIOS 170, 171, 172, 173* Intro to Zoology 14
MATH 163A, B** Intro to Calculus 7
or MATH 263A, B Calculus 8
PHYS 201, 202, 203 Intro to Physics 15
or PHYS 251, 252, 253 General Physics 15
GEOL 211 Oceanography 4
PSY 221 Statistics 5
or MATH 250, 251 8
BIOS 275 Animal Ecology 4
BUSL 370; ECON 313, 314; GEOG 241, 351, 440, 447; SOC 340; POLS 490D (these courses can be used to fulfill the social science requirements for the Environmental Studies Certificate.)
Tier II requirements, humanities and social sciences requirements, or electives.
*See listing in Courses of Instruction section for prerequisites.
**MATH 263A, B is preferred.
Junior-Senior
Junior Level English Composition 4 CHEM 301, 302 Organic Chemistry 6 BIOS 325 Genetics 5 MICR 311 General Microbiology 5 BIOS 429 Marine Biology 5 BIOS 430 Invertebrate Biology 6 BIOS 342, 343 Prin. Physiology 6 Tier III Senior Level Synthesis Course 4
Tier II requirements, humanities and social sciences requirements, or electives.
CHEM 330 Intro to Toxicology 4 GEOG 302 Meteorology 5 GEOL 221 Earth and Life History 4 GEOL 231 Water and Pollution 4 BIOS 303 Comp. Vertebrate Anatomy 6 BIOS 431 Limnology 5 BIOS 457 Animal Systematics 4 BIOS 462 Animal Physiological Ecol. 4 BIOS 463* Cell Chemistry 4 BIOS 468 Ichthyology 4 BIOS 471 Ornithology 6 BIOS 473 Animal Behavior 5 BIOS 474 Mammalogy 6 BIOS 477 Population Ecology 4 BIOS 478 Community Ecology 4 BIOS 479 Evolution 4 BIOS 481 Animal Cons. Biol. 4 MICR 375 Microbial Ecology 3
Courses from summer field stations or other appropriate courses may be substituted with prior permission of the program advisor.
*CHEM 489 may be substituted.
Biological Sciences-Microbiology Major (B.S.)
Major Code BS0411
A major in microbiology provides the necessary background to pursue a successful career in research and development, quality control management, water quality control, or clinical laboratory science, or graduate studies in medicine, dentistry, optometry, public health, microbiology, or molecular biology.
Unless otherwise indicated, BIOS/MICR departmental courses may be retaken only once.
Major requirements for the B.S. in microbiology are
Freshman-Sophomore
ENG 151 Composition 5 BIOS 170, 171, 172, 173* Introduction to Zoology 14 MATH 163A,163B Intro to Calculus 7 or MATH 263A, 263B** Calculus 8 CHEM 151,152,153 Fund. of Chemistry 15 PHYS 201, 202, 203 Intro to Physics 15 MICR 325 General Genetics 5 CHEM 305, 306, 307 Organic Chemistry 9 MICR 311 General Microbiology 5
Tier II requirements, Arts and Sciences humanities and social science requirements.
Junior-Senior
Junior composition 4 MICR 415 Immunology 5 MICR 419 Microbial Physiology 5
CHEM 241, 242 Quantitative Analysis 5
CHEM 490, 491 General Biochemistry I, II 7
At least 16 hours from:
MICR 326 Laboratory Genetics 4 MICR 412 Microbial Techniques 5 MICR 413A, 413B Pathogenic Bacteriology 5 MICR 414A, 414B Virology 5 MICR 416 Immunochemistry 5 MICR 418 Epidemiology 4 MICR 427 Mech. Gene Regulation 3 MICR 441 Parasitology 6 MICR 444 Tropical Disease Biology 4
Tier II and III requirements; Arts and sciences humanities, social sciences, and foreign language requirements.
Microbiology majors wishing to apply to a professional school of medicine, dentistry, physical therapy, or veterinary medicine should make an appointment with the Preprofessional Health Careers Office, Irvine Hall 111, for applications and advice on recommended BIOS courses.
*See listing in Courses of Instruction section for prerequisites.
**Preferred
Microbiology Minor
Minor code OR0411
Unless otherwise indicated, BIOS/MICR departmental courses may be retaken only once.
A minor in microbiology requires a minimum of 24 hours of microbiology courses excluding MICR 211, 212 and including MICR 311 and at least one of the following:
MICR 412 Microbial Techniques 5 MICR 415 Immunology 5 MICR 413A, 413B Pathogenic Bacteriology 5 MICR 414A, 414B Virology 5 MICR 419 Microbial Physiology 5
MICR courses used to fulfill requirements for a biological sciences major cannot be counted toward the 24 hours.
Biological Sciences-Neurobiology Major (B.S.)
Special curriculum; major code BS2125
Neuroscience is a rapidly growing field in both academia and industry. The neuroscience program is appropriate for students interested in graduate study in neuroscience; neuroscience research in combination with a career in medicine, pharmacology, or dentistry; or neuroscience technical positions in academia, medicine, or industry.
The program has both a research-oriented option (BIOS 494H/495H) and a standard course-oriented option. Students are strongly encouraged, however, to pursue the research option since neuroscience careers almost exclusively involve research. To pursue the research option, you must have 30 hours and a g.p.a. of at least 3.2 in BIOS courses. The program provides, on a competitive basis, stipends and support for undergraduate research during the summer of the third year, and research-option students take a lighter course load in the senior year to free additional time for the research project. The program is demanding and requires careful planning, particularly of Tier II and Arts and Sciences area requirements.
The specialized portion of the curriculum does not begin in earnest until the end of the third year, so well qualified students can join relatively late in their undergraduate studies. A generally appropriate curriculum is outlined below, but you should contact the program advisor for detailed course selection advice.
Freshman
CHEM 151-153 Fund. of Chemistry 15
MATH 263A,B Calculus 8
PSY 221 Statistics for the Beh. Sci. 5
BIOS 171-173* Intro to Zoology 14
Freshman Composition
Arts and Sciences degree requirements, university General Education requirements, and/or electives; foreign language if necessary.
Sophomore
PHYS 201-203 15 CHEM 301, 302 Organic Chemistry 6 CHEM 303, 304 Organic Chemistry Lab 5 BIOS 325 General Genetics 5 BIOS 333 Neural Basis of Behavior 3 One anatomy/organismal course (BIOS 300, 301, 303, 430, or 435) 6
Arts and Sciences degree requirements, university General Education requirements, and/or electives; foreign language if necessary.
Junior
BIOS 342, 343 Prin. of Physiology 6
BIOS 354, 355 Prin. of Physiology Lab 4
BIOS 463 Cell Chemistry 4
or CHEM 490,491 General Biochemistry I, II 7
BIOS 412 Molecular and Cellular
Neurobiology 4
Ecology/evolution course (BIOS 275, 479, or 481) 4
Additional related course (MICR 311 or PBIO 111) 5-6
Arts and Sciences degree requirements, university General Education requirements, and/or electives; foreign language if necessary.
Senior (research option)
BIOS 409 Neuronal Systems 4
Advanced neuroscience course (BIOS 410, 411, 466, or 467) 2-4
Advanced related course (BIOS 406, 407, 420,
or 473; PBIO 450; or PSY 312 or 430) 4-6
BIOS 494H Undergraduate Research
(two quarters) 8
BIOS 495H Undergraduate Research
Thesis 3-9
Arts and Sciences degree requirements, university General Education requirements, and/or electives; foreign language if necessary.
Senior (course option)
BIOS 409 Neuronal Systems 4 Two advanced neuroscience courses (BIOS 410, 411, 466, or 467) 6-8 Two advanced related courses (BIOS 406, 407, 420, or 473; PBIO 450; or PSY 312 or 430) 8-12
Arts and Sciences degree requirements, university General Education requirements, and/or electives; foreign language if necessary.
*See listing in Courses of Instruction section for prerequisites.
Biological Sciences-Predentistry Major (B.S.)
Special curriculum; major code BS2501
No specific area for the major is required by dental colleges or by Ohio University. You must present preparation in various basic sciences, and many students complete a major in one science or a dual major in two sciences. Many dental schools require at least a year of behavioral and social sciences as well as a year of English. You can fulfill these requirements by following either the biological sciences or chemistry predentistry major.
Most dental schools select students with a bachelor's degree; a very limited number of applicants who have completed three years and have met the degree in absentia privilege requirements are admitted.
All dental school applicants are required to take the Dental Aptitude Test (DAT), offered in the spring and fall. The latest that the DAT may be taken is in the fall of the year before entering dental school. If possible, it is better to take the DAT the previous spring.
Except for the lack of an organic chemistry laboratory, the microbiology major satisfies the requirements of most dental schools.
If you elect the degree in absentia option, you must complete a minimum of 43 hours in BIOS/MICR; for the four-year program, you must complete a minimum of 50 hours in BIOS/MICR. In addition, you must meet the requirements for the biological sciences major.
The following sequence of courses is required for predentistry students majoring in biological sciences.
Unless otherwise indicated, BIOS/MICR departmental courses may be retaken only once.
Freshman
CHEM 151, 152, 153 Fund. of Chemistry 15
English composition 5
MATH 163A, Intro to Calculus 7
or MATH 263A, B Calculus 8
BIOS 170, 171, 172, 173 Intro to Zoology 14
CLAS 227 Gk. and Lat. Roots in
Biomedical Terms 4
Arts and Sciences degree requirements, university General Education Requirements, and/or electives. (English and comparative arts are recommended.)
*See listing in Courses of Instruction section for prerequisites.
Sophomore
CHEM 301, 302 Organic (short) 6
or CHEM 305, 306, 307 Organic (long) 9
CHEM 303, 304 Organic Lab (short) 5
BIOS 275 Animal Ecology 4
or BIOS 479 Evolution
or BIOS 481 Animal Conserv. Biology
BIOS 342, 343, 354, Principles Physiology 10
PSY 221 Statistics 5
or MATH 250, 251 Statistics 8
PHYS 201, 202, 203 Intro to Physics 15
BIOS 325 Gen. Genetics 5
Language if needed 12
Junior-Senior
CHEM 490, 491 General Biochemistry 7
or BIOS 463 Cell Chemistry 4
MICR 311 General Microbiology 5
BIOS 303 Compar. Vert. Anat. 6
English composition 4
Language if needed 12
Arts and Sciences degree requirements and university General Education Requirements as needed.
Prereq: CHEM 305-307
Other courses strongly recommended:BIOS 401, 406, 408; MICR 417.
Recommended behavioral and social sciences:ANTH 101 or 355;PSY 231, 273, 332, 336; sociology and computer science courses.
Recommended humanities:philosophy, literature, comparative arts.
Biological Sciences - Pre-Exercise Physiology Major (B.S.)
Special Curriculum; major code BS2516
The following curriculum is designed to provide students interested in pursuing a graduate degree in exercise or work physiology with the necessary coursework to prepare for advanced study in a research-oriented graduate degree program.
Completion of the coursework, including electives and Arts and Sciences and General Education Requirements, will culminate in the award of the Bachelor of Science in biological sciences pre-exercise physiology.
Although an undergraduate degree in the area of exercise physiology may provide you the opportunity to compete in the job market, most current employment opportunities require a master's or doctoral degree.
You must complete at least 192 quarter hours with at least 90 hours in Arts and Sciences coursework numbered 200 or above. A minimum of 50 quarter hours in the Department of Biological Sciences is required, including departmental requirements and at least 9 quarter hours at the 300-400 level.
Unless otherwise indicated, BIOS/MICR departmental courses may be retaken only once.
Freshman
CHEM 151, 152, 153 Fund. of Chemistry 15
ENG 151 Fr. Comp.: Writing
and Rhetoric 5
MATH 263A, B Calculus 8
PSY 101 Gen. Psychology 5
PSY 221 Statistics for Behav. Sci. 5
or MATH 250 and 251 Intro to Prob. and Stat. 8
BIOS 170, 171, 172, 173* Intro to Zoology 14
Arts and Sciences degree requirements, university General Education Requirements, and/or electives.
Sophomore
CS 120 Computer Sci. Survey
(or equivalent) 5
PHYS 201, 202** Intro to Physics 10
BIOS 301 Human Anatomy 6
BIOS 345 Human Physiology 5
BIOS 346 Human Physiology Lab 3
BIOS 352 Biomechanics 4
or BIOS 420 Animal Locomotion
Arts and Sciences degree requirements, university General Education Requirements, and/or electives.
Junior-Senior
CHEM 301, 302 Organic (short) 6
or CHEM 305, 306, 307 Organic (long) 9
BIOS 463 Cell Chemistry 4
or CHEM 489 Biochemistry 4
or CHEM 490, 491 General Biochemistry I, II 7
MICR 311 General Microbiology 5
BIOS 320 Animal Cell Biology 4
BIOS 325 General Genetics 5
BIOS 445 Physiology of Exercise 4
BIOS 446 Phys. of Exercise Lab 3
BIOS 275 Animal Ecology 4
or BIOS 479 Evolution
or BIOS 481 Animal Conserv. Biology
BIOS 493 Undergrad. Research 6-12
or 494H
English composition 4
Language if needed 12
Arts and Sciences degree requirements, university General Education Requirements, and electives.
*See listing in Courses of Instruction section for prerequisites.
**PHYS 203 may be required for admission to certain graduate and professional schools.
Prereq: CHEM 305-307.
Suggested electives
ANTH 101 Intro to Cultural Anth. 5 ANTH 355 Medical Anthropology 4 HCFN 128 Intro to Nutrition 4 HCFN 428 Advanced Nutrition 4 PHIL 231 Philosophy of Sport 4 PHIL 331 Moral Prob. in Med. 5 PSY 231 Psych. of Adjustment 4 PSY 273 Child and Adoles. Psych. 4 PSY 275 Educational Psych. 4 PSY 332 Abnormal Psych. 4 SOC 101 Intro to Sociology 5 BIOS 303 Comp. Anatomy 6 BIOS 320 Animal Cell Biology 4 BIOS 401 Adv. Human Anatomy 6 BIOS 402 Human Neuroscience 3 BIOS 409 Neurobiology I 4 BIOS 410 Neurobiology II 4 BIOS 450 Prin. Endocrinology 4
Biological Sciences-Premedicine Major (B.S.)
Special curriculum; major code BS2502
No specific major is required by medical colleges or by Ohio University in undergraduate preparation for medicine. You must present preparation in various basic sciences, and many students complete a major in one science or a dual major in two sciences.
For most medical schools, admission prerequisites include an entire year, with labs, in biological sciences, inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, and physics. Many schools also require a year of college English and college math, and strongly recommend courses in biochemistry, humanities, and the social sciences. Consult the catalog of a particular medical school to make sure you are meeting its prerequisites. Additional coursework in genetics, anatomy, physiology, cell biology, and embryology will improve your preparedness. Courses that fulfill these requirements and recommendations are listed with this major and the chemistry premedicine major.
All medical college applicants are required to take the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) in spring (preferred) or fall of the calendar year before the year they expect to enroll in medical college.
A major in microbiology is available for students who wish to maximize their potential for graduate study in medicine or health sciences. Microbiology majors who plan to apply to medical school should also take CHEM 303 and 304 Organic Chemistry Lab.
You are encouraged to note particularly the opportunities provided by the Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medi-cine and the preprofessional advising center (Irvine Hall 111).
As a premedical student majoring in biological sciences, you are required to satisfy the following program, completing a minimum of 50 hours in BIOS/MICR. In addition, you must meet the requirements of the general biological sciences major.
Unless otherwise indicated, BIOS/MICR departmental courses may be retaken only once.
Freshman
CHEM 151, 152, 153 Fund. of Chemistry 15 MATH 263A, B Calculus 8 BIOS 170, 171, 172, 173* Intro to Zoology 14 CLAS 227 Gk. and Lat. Roots in Biomedical Terminology 4 English Composition 5
Arts and Sciences degree requirements, university General Education Requirements, and/or electives. (English and comparative arts are recommended.)
Sophomore
CHEM 305, 306, 307 Organic (long) 9 CHEM 303, 304 Organic Lab 5 PHYS 201, 202, 203 Intro Physics 15 BIOS 275 Animal Ecology 4 or BIOS 479 Evolution or BIOS 481 Animal Conserv. Biology BIOS 325 General Genetics 5 PSY 221 Statistics 5 or MATH 250, 251 or 8 Language if needed 12
Arts and Sciences degree requirements, university General Education Requirements, and/or electives in humanities and social sciences.
Junior-Senior
MICR 311 General Microbiology 5 BIOS 303 Compar. Vert. Anatomy 6 BIOS 342, 343, 354, 355 Prin. Physiology, labs 10 CHEM 490, 491** General Biochemistry 7 English Composition 4 Language if needed 12 Other humanities and social sciences
Choose at least one of the following courses (more are recommended):
BIOS 320 Animal Cell Biology 4 BIOS 326 Lab Genetics 4 BIOS 401 Adv. Human Anatomy 6 BIOS 406 Embryology 6 BIOS 408 Histology 6 BIOS 412 Mol. Cell. Neurobiology 4 BIOS 428 Human Med. Genetics 4 BIOS 441A, 441B Parasitology 6 BIOS 450 Prin. Endocrinology 4 BIOS 452 Reproductive Physiology 3 MICR 413 Pathogenic Bacteriology 5 MICR 415 Immunology 5 MICR 417 Cellular Immunology 4 MICR 418 Epidemiology 4
Recommended chemistry electives: CHEM 241/242.
Recommended behavioral and social sciences: ANTH 101, 355; PSY 273, 332, 336.
Recommended humanities: philosophy, literature, comparative arts.
*See listing in Courses of Instruction section for prerequisites.
**Prereq: CHEM 305-307.
Biological Sciences-Pre-Optometry Major (B.S.)
Special curriculum; major code BS2505
Requirements for admission to schools of optometry are not uniform. A minimum of 90 hours exclusive of military science and physical education is required. However, most students entering optometry school have earned a bachelor's degree. This curriculum meets the admission requirements for a collegiate program and consequently for most independent schools of optometry. Consult the catalog of a particular school to make sure you are meeting its prerequisites. To earn the degree in absentia, you must complete at least 144 hours, including all Arts and Sciences and university General Education Requirements and the program outlined below. This must include the departmental area requirements for the general biological sciences major. To graduate from Ohio University without the in absentia option, you must fulfill the biological sciences major requirements for your catalog year of entry. Candidates for optometry school normally take the Optometry Admission Test (OAT) in October or February before admission the following fall. Unless otherwise indicated, BIOS/MICR departmental courses may be retaken only once.
Freshman
CHEM 151, 152, 153 Fund. of Chemistry 15 BIOS 170, 171, 172, 173* Intro to Zoology 14 PSY 101 Gen. Psychology 5 MATH 250, 251 Statistics 8 or PSY 221 Statistics for Behavioral Sci. 5 MATH 263A, B Calculus 8 English Composition 5
Arts and Sciences degree requirements, university General Education Requirements, and/or electives.
Sophomore
CHEM 305, 306, 307*** Organic Chemistry 9 BIOS 275 Animal Ecology 4 or BIOS 479 Evolution or BIOS 481 Animal Conserv. Biology BIOS 303 Compar. Vert. Anatomy 6 BIOS 325 General Genetics 5
Arts and Sciences degree requirements, university General Education Requirements, and/or electives.
Junior
MICR 311 General Microbiology 5 PHYS 201, 202, 203 Intro Physics 15 BIOS 342, 343, 354, 355 Principles of Physiology 10 BIOS 463 Cell Chemistry 4 or CHEM 490, 491** General Biochemistry I, II 7 English Composition 4
Arts and Sciences degree requirements, university General Education Requirements, and/or electives.
*See listing in Courses of Instruction section for prerequisites.
**Prereq: CHEM 305-307.
***Organic chemistry labs CHEM 303, 304 are required by many optometry schools. Consult their catalogs or web sites.
Because most students complete a baccalaureate degree before being accepted for professional school, consult the department advisor early in your freshman year for recommendations on degree requirements and electives.
You can obtain further information concerning requirements and the profession of optometry by writing to the American Optometric Association, 243 N. Lindbergh Blvd., St. Louis MO 63141, or consult the web site at https://home.opTed.org.
Biological Sciences-Prepharmacy Major (B.S.)
Special curriculum; major code ND2506
Transfer to a school of pharmacy occurs after one or two years of coursework at Ohio University-some schools expect transfer after one year, others require two years of work, and others allow either option. Requirements for admission vary widely from school to school. Determine as early as possible the specific admission requirements of the schools to which you may apply and plan your academic program accordingly. The program listed below is based upon the requirements of the four pharmacy schools in Ohio, but other schools may vary in their requirements. Again, it is your responsibility to ensure that you meet admission standards for a particular school. Consult your advisor for assistance.
The prepharmacy program is not a degree program; a degree in pharmacy is earned only through a professional school. However, accomplishment of the following, plus additional requirements as outlined under departmental requirements, can lead to a B.A. or B.S. degree in biological sciences or chemistry at Ohio University. There is no in absentia arrangement for pharmacy.
Unless otherwise indicated, BIOS/MICR departmental courses may be retaken only once.
Freshman
CHEM 151, 152, 153 Fund. of Chemistry 15 MATH 263A, B, C Calculus 12 BIOS 170, 171, 172, 173* Intro to Zoology 14 ENG 151 Fr. Comp.: Writing and Rhetoric 5
Social sciences and humanities electives.
Sophomore
CHEM 305, 306, 307 Organic Chemistry 9 CHEM 303, 304 Organic Chemistry Lab 5 PHYS 201, 202, 203 Intro to Physics 15 MICR 311 General Microbiology 5 BIOS 300 Anatomy and Histology 6
One additional English course.
Social sciences and humanities electives.
*See listing in Courses of Instruction section for prerequisites.
Biological Sciences-Pre-Physical Therapy Major (B.S.)
Special curriculum; major code BS2507
You may become eligible for transfer to a professional program at the end of your junior year* by fulfilling the prerequisite coursework outlined below. Consult the school's catalog for exact prerequisites. B.S. degree pre-physical therapy students majoring in biological sciences are required to complete the entire program. For more information about the field of physical therapy, see the Physical Therapy listing in this section. See also the Department of Psychology pre-physical therapy major in this section and the School of Physical Therapy listing in the College of Health and Human Services section. Unless otherwise indicated, BIOS/MICR departmental courses may be retaken only once.
Freshman
CHEM 151, 152, 153 Fund. of Chemistry 15 ENG 151 Freshman Comp.: Writing and Rhetoric 5 MATH 163A, B Intro to Calculus 7 PHIL 101 Fund. of Philosophy 5 PHIL 130 Intro to Ethics 4 BIOS 170, 171, 172, 173** Intro to Zoology 14
Arts and Sciences degree requirements, university General Education Requirements, and/or electives.
Sophomore
CHEM 301, 302 Organic (short) 6 PHYS 201, 202*** Intro to Physics 10 PSY 101 General Psychology 5 PSY 221 Stat. for Behav. Sci. 5 PSY 273 Child and Adolescent 4 PT 259A Intro to Phys. Therapy 2 SOC 101 Principles of Sociology 5 or ANTH 101 Cultural Anthropology 5 BIOS 301 Human Anatomy 6 BIOS 345 Human Physiology 4 BIOS 346 Human Physiology Lab 3 BIOS 352 Biomechanics 4 or BIOS 420 Animal Locomotion 4
Arts and Sciences degree requirements, university General Education Requirements, and/or electives. ANTH 101 is recommended.
Junior-Senior
MICR 211� Environ. Microbiology 4 or PT 403� Pathophysiology 4 PSY 332 Abnormal Psychology 4 BIOS 325 General Genetics 5 BIOS 402� Human Neuroscience 3 BIOS 445 Physiology of Exercise 5 BIOS 446 Phys. of Exercise Lab 3 BIOS 463 Cell Chemistry 4 or CHEM 489 Biochemistry BIOS 275 Animal Ecology 4 or BIOS 479 Evolution or BIOS 481 Animal Conserv. Biology English Composition 4Arts and Sciences degree requirements, university General Education Requirements, and/or electives.
Suggested Electives
ANTH 101 Intro to Cultural Anth. 5 ANTH 355 Medical Anthropology 4 BIOS 320 Animal Cell Biology 4 BIOS 409, 410 Neurobiology I, II 8 CLAS 227 Grk. and Lat. Roots 4 HCFN 128 Intro to Nutrition 4 HSAT 128 Intro to Athletic Training 2 HSAT 326 Recog. and Eval. of Athletic Injuries 4 HSAT 327 Prev./Mgt. of Athletic Injuries 3 HLTH 202 Health Sciences and Lifestyle Choices 4 PHIL 231 Philosophy of Sport 4 PHIL 331 Moral Problems In Med. 5 PSY 231 Psych. of Adjustment 4 PSY 275 Educational Psychology 4
*See note, page 271
**See listing in Courses of Instruction section for prerequisites.
***PHYS 203 may be required for admission to certain graduate and professional schools.
�MICR 211 is required for a B.S. in biological sciences. For students who have been accepted into Ohio University's School of Physical Therapy in absentia, PT 403 may be used to fulfill the MICR 211 requirement. If BIOS 402 has not been completed before admission to the School of Physical Therapy, you must complete it during your first year.
Biological Sciences-Pre-Veterinary Medicine Major (B.S.)
Special curriculum; major code BS2508
If you plan to attend veterinary school, learn the entrance requirements of the schools of your choice early in your college career. Many biological sciences majors, as well as the major in microbiology, are suitable preparation for veterinary school. Discuss your course selections with your academic advisor. Many schools of veterinary medicine require a bachelor's de-gree for admission. A standardized test (MCAT, GRE, or VAT) must be taken at least one year before you expect to enroll in veterinary school. Contact the veterinary schools of your choice or see your advisor to determine which test you need.
You must meet Arts and Sciences and university requirements and the requirements of the biological sciences major; these requirements will fulfill prerequisites of most veterinary schools. Consult the catalog of a particular school to make sure that you are meeting its prerequisites.
Unless otherwise indicated, BIOS/MICR departmental courses may be retaken only once.
The following core requirements are strongly recommended for preveterinary medicine students:
Area Recommended Choice Anatomy BIOS 303 Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy Biochemistry CHEM 490, 491* General Biochemistry Ecology BIOS 275 Animal Ecology Physiology BIOS 342, 343, 354, 355 Principles of Physiology Other Biol. Sci. MICR 311
Recommended electives
MICR 414A Animal Virology 3 MICR 415 Immunology 5 or MICR 417 Cellular Immunology 4 BIOS 406 Vertebrate Embryology 6 BIOS 441A, 441B Parasitology 6 BIOS 450 Prin. of Endocrinology 4 BIOS 452 Reproductive Physiology 3
Extradepartmental
CHEM 151, 152, 153 Fund. of Chemistry 15 CHEM 301, 302 Organic Chemistry 6 or CHEM 305, 306, 307 Organic Chemistry 9 MATH 263A,B Calculus 8 PHYS 201, 202, 203 Intro to Physics 15 or PHYS 251, 252, 253 General Physics 15 PSY 221 Stat. for the Beh. Sciences 5 or MATH 250, 251 Intro to Prob. and Stat. 8
*Prerequisites are CHEM 305, 306, 307.
Biological Sciences-Wildlife Biology Major (B.S.)
Special curriculum; major code BS2515
The Department of Biological Sciences provides a program for undergraduate students in biological sciences who are interested in careers in the conservation and biology of wildlife. Graduates of this program meet the course qualifications for state and federal civil service registers as ecologist, wildlife biologist, wildlife refuge manager, zoologist, and general biologist. This program also provides training for students planning to go on to graduate school in wildlife biology or an allied discipline such as mammalogy, ornithology, or animal ecology. You may want to use elective credits to obtain an Environmental Studies certificate. Unless otherwise indicated, BIOS/MICR departmental courses may be retaken only once.
Freshman
PBIO 111 Intro to Plant Biology 6 CHEM 151, 152, 153 Fund. of Chemistry 15 MATH 163A, B Intro to Calculus 7 or MATH 263A, 263B Calculus 8 PSY 221 Statistics 5 BIOS 170, 171, 172, 173* Intro to Zoology 14 English Composition 5
Arts and Sciences degree requirements, university General Education Requirements, and/or electives.
Sophomore
CHEM 301, 302 Organic Chemistry 6 PHYS 201, 202** Intro to Physics 10 BIOS 275 Animal Ecology 4 BIOS 303 Comp. Vert. Anatomy 6 BIOS 325 Genetics 5 BIOS 376 Field Ecology 4
Arts and Sciences degree requirements, university General Education Requirements, and/or electives.
Junior-Senior
English composition 4 BIOS 342, 343 Principles Physiology 6 BIOS 479 Evolution 4
A minimum of 16 hours in wildlife subjects selected from
BIOS 425 Evolutionary Genetics 4 BIOS 471 Ornithology 5 BIOS 474 Mammalogy 6 BIOS 477 Population Ecology 4 BIOS 478 Community Ecology 4 BIOS 481 Animal Conservation Biol. 4 BIOS 492 Wildlife Topics 2
Substitutions can be recommended by your advisor but must be approved in writing by the curriculum chair.
A minimum of 14 hours in plant sciences (PBIO major courses only), including PBIO 111.
If you plan to go on to graduate school, you should take BIOS 493 or BIOS 494H Undergraduate Research.
*See listing in Courses of Instruction section for prerequisites.
**PHYS 203 may be required for admission to certain graduate and professional schools.
University Publications and Computer Services revised this file ( https://www.ohio.edu/~catalog/99-00/colleges/majors1.htm ) on October 19, 1999.Please e-mail comments or suggestions to " ucat@www.ohiou.edu ."