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Review: Mechanical Waves
Oscillations
What force is present for an oscillating system?
Define T = the time `period' (time for one cycle)
Define f = 1/T = the `frequency' (number of cycles per second)
The energy of the system oscillates between stored energy and energy of motion
What do in-phase and out-of-phase mean? Can you draw a picture?
Examples of oscillating systems
a mass attached to a spring
a pendulum
a ball in a bowl
an atom in a crystal (this has very small oscillations)
Traveling waves
Some materials have elastic properties (even glass!)
The energy in a traveling wave transfer from one atom to the next
What are transverse waves?
What are longitudinal waves?
Can you give examples of longitudinal or transverse waves?
Define
= wavelength. Can you draw this?
The velocity of a wave is v =
f, where f = frequency
Standing waves
Traveling waves can be reflected by a hard surface
What is the condition for standing waves to occur?
A stretched string of length L has standing waves when 2L = n
, where n can take on the values of 1 or 2 or 3 or . . .
Resonance
What is meant by the `natural frequency' of an oscillating system?
Pulsing the system at its natural frequency creates a 'resonance'
Large vibrations results when resonance occurs. Can you draw this?
What are examples of designed (useful) resonance?
What is an example of a 2-dimensional resonance?
Ch. Elster
Aug 26 14:27:03 EDT 2019
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