Lawrence M. Witmer, PhD
Professor of Anatomy
Chang Ying-Chien Professor of Paleontology
OU Presidential Research Scholar 2004-2009

Dept. of Biomedical Sciences
Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine
Life Science Building, Rm 123
Ohio University
Athens, Ohio 45701 USA

Email: witmerL@ohio.edu

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The Skull of Majungasaurus , a Predatory Dinosaur from the Cretaceous of Madagascar

Common Language Summary
A dramatic look into the head of a unique predatory dinosaur.
A combination of exceptional fossil preservation and high-tech 3D imaging allows a remarkably detailed investigation of the skull of Majungasaurus , a medium-sized theropod dinosaur collected from 68-million-year-old rocks in northwestern Madagascar. Majungasaurus was formerly known as Majungatholus . The fossil skull bones are well preserved, undistorted, and disarticulated, allowing them to be examined from all sides. Also, many of the bones were subjected to CT scanning and advanced computer visualization, which not only permitted a view of the interior structure of the bones but also allowed the reconstruction of a number of soft-tissue features, such as blood vessels, nerves, air sinuses, and aspects of brain and inner ear structure. This unusually rich source of information reveals a lot about the fleshy head of Majungasaurus and not just its bony skull . The skin of the head was thickened in areas and so tightly adhered to the underlying bone that much of the bone surface is extremely roughened (in fact, this rugosity probably reflects ossification of the deepest layers of the dermis). The bones along the top of the skull (nasal, lacrimals, frontals) are not only roughened, but also bear evidence that they may have sported ornamenting scales or hornlike structures. At the same time, these bones are basically hollow, being filled in life with large paranasal air sinuses. The brain cavity, as well as the brain within, was quite small and simple. Indeed, Majungasaurus was not a clever animal, but rather a powerful one. Its skull structure indicates large jaw muscles, a powerful bite, and a sturdy skull and neck structure, such that Majungasaurus was perhaps capable of dispatching its prey using the unusual technique of biting-and-holding (perhaps even suffocating its prey), followed by forceful extraction of large chunks of flesh.

A technical article was published on 12 June 2007 in a special issue of the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology devoted to Majungasaurus . A 20 MB PDF of the article may be downloaded below.

Sampson, S. D. and L. M. Witmer. 2007. Craniofacial anatomy of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Memoirs of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 8, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27(Supplement to 2):32–102.

Click the green buttons at the left to go to pages devoted to these topics.
This website provides supplementary information as an adjunct to the published paper. Witmer, with the skilled assistance of Ryan Ridgely , is responsible for the content of the website. Content provided here is for educational and research purposes only, and may not be used for any commercial purpose without the permission of L. M. Witmer and other relevant parties.

This project was funded by grants from the National Science Foundation .

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Last updated:11/19/2015

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